Constitution
Articles, Sections, Clause
Chapter, Paragraphs, Sentences
Its like this…
Articles
Sections
Clause
Chapters
Paragraphs
Sentences
The Chapters
Preamble
Article I The Legislative Branch
Article II The Executive Branch
Article III The Judicial Branch
Article IV Relations Among the state
Article V The Amending Process
Article VI National Supremacy
Article VII Ratification of the Cons.
Article I The Legislative Branch
Bicameral system
Qualifications
25 years old
7 years a citizen of the USA
Must reside in the state they represent
Senate 100 members
House of Reps. 435
Bicameral System (2 houses)
House of Rep. = Virginia Plan 435
Senate = New Jersey Plan 100
Chapter 3 Section 1
Articles
7 divisions of the constitution; first three
covers the three branches of the national
government; next is about how to change
“IT”
The Amendments ( or changes )
27 times throughout our nations history
Major Principles of Constitution 6
Popular Sovereignty
Rule by the people
Federalism
Describe the basic structure of America
Power is divided between national and state
governments
Major Principles
Separation of Powers
Each branch has its responsibilities, a system
that the founders hoped would prevent any
branch from gaining too much power
Checks and Balances
Each branch of government exercises some
control over the others
Major Principles
Judicial Review
The power of the courts to declare laws and
actions of local, state, or national
governments invalid if they violate the
constitution (McCulloch v. Maryland)
Limited government
Means… that the constitution limits the
actions of government by specifically listing
powers it does and does not have
Chapter 3 Section 2
Three branches of Government
Expressed powers
Powers directly stated in the constitution
Enumerated powers
Article I Section 8
Found in the section directly giving the power
to …
Elastic clause
This clause gives congress the right to make
all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out
the power expressed in Article I.
Who deems something “necessary and
proper”?
The three branches of Gov.
Article I - pass laws
Article II – enforces laws
Article III –interoperates the laws
Article I The Legislative Branch
Part-time job
Power to make laws
Over rule vetoes 2/3 vote
Makes laws, yes, makes laws, that’s right,
makes laws, yes that is nice, that some
one makes rules…
Article II
Specific powers
Commander in chief
Appoints (with senate’s consent)
Heads of executive departments (cabinet)
Judges to federal courts
supreme court justices
ambassadors
Pardon
Treaties (with senate’s consent)
Delivers state of the union
Calls congress into special session
Ensures that the laws congress passes are “faithfully
executed”
Article III
Federal courts
State courts
Supreme court
Section 3 amending the
constitution
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Amendments
Amendment 1
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly,
and petition
Does it have limits?
Amendment 2
Right to bear Arms (militia)
Amendment 3
Quartering Soldiers
Amendment 4
Search and Seizure
Warrants upon where and what they are looking
for.
Amendment 5
Rights of the Accused
Amendment 6
Requirements for Jury Trial
Assistance of counsel for defense
Amendment 7
Rules of Common Law
Anything over 20 dollars = trail by jury
Amendment 8
Limits on Criminal Punishments
Excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishments
Amendment 9
Rights kept by the people
Enumeration in the constitution
Amendment 10
Powers of the state
All powers not in the constitution is up to the
states
Amendment 11
Lawsuits Against a state
Must be in state court
First time that an amendment was enacted to
override a supreme court decision
Amendment 12
Election of President and Vice President
1848
Civil War
54th Massachusetts
The Savior of the Union
Joshua L.
Chamberlain
Amendment 13
Slavery Abolished
680,000 people died for this
Amendment 14
Civil Right Guaranteed
Definition of citizen
Apportionment of representatives
Restrictions of holding office
Amendment 15
Black Voting Rights
The right to vote can not be denied by race, color,
or previous conditions of servitude
Amendment 16 (1913)
Income Tax
Amendment 17 (1913)
Direct Election of Senators
Amendment 18 (1919)
prohibition
Amendment 19 (1920)
Women’s Voting rights
Amendment 20 (1933)
Terms of Office and Presidential Succession
Amendment 21 (1933)
Repeal of Prohibition
Sec. 2 states or local government continue
prohibition if they wish
Amendment 22 (1951)
Pres. Can only be elected twice
Amendment 23 (1961)
Voting in the District of Columbia
Amendment 24 (1964)
Poll Tax illegal
Amendment 25 (1967)
Presidential Disability (1967)
Amendment 26 (1971)
Voting Age
58,000 died for this