What is motion?
Topic # 6
From the smallest particle to the biggest bang
Topic # 6
What is motion?
Chapter Objectives:
Students must have a complete understanding of the
following objectives in order to continue moving forward
in this unit.
Recognize that movement is observed according to a
frame of reference.
Describe motion and calculate speed and velocity.
Relate acceleration to motion and calculate
acceleration.
Describe momentum.
Vocabulary
Learning key terms will aid in developing a better understanding of
the material presented in this topic.
Frame of reference
Motion
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Momentum
Working with examples of motion
Solve the following problems. SHOW ALL WORK. Remember
to include the correct units!!!!!
1. A student practicing for a track meet ran 250m in 30 sec.
a. What was her average speed?
b. If on the following day she ran 300m in 30 sec, by how
much did her speed increase?
2. A car traveled 1025 km from El Paso to Dallas in 13.5 hr.
What was her average velocity?
3. How fast was a plane flying if it traveled 400km in 30 min?
4. A student walks 10 blocks to a computer store.
a. How long will it take him to reach the computer store if
he walks 3 blocks in 2 min?
b. What is his average velocity.
5. If the average speed of a car is 45km/hr, how far can it travel
in 40 min?
6. The speed of light is 3x108 m/sec. How long does it take light
to travel the 149x109 m distance from the sun to the earth?
7.A driver starts his parked car and within 5 sec reaches a
velocity of 54 km/hr as he travels east. What is his
acceleration?
8. Falling objects drop with an average acceleration of 9.8
m/sec/sec/ or 9.8 m/sec2. If an object falls from a tall
building, how long will it take before it reaches a speed of 49
m/sec?
Speed, Velocity & Acceleration
Use the following terms to identify the motion represented in
each graph or diagram.
CONSTANT SPEED ACCELERATION
AVERAGE SPEED DECELERATION
Velocities in same direction Velocities in opposite directions
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SHUT IT DOWN…
It’s race day at E222 !!
The cars are fast but are their owners ready to place the pink
slip on the line? Today we will race our cars and determine who is
the fastest in the class…the king of the strip! This lab activity is
designed to incorporate the principles of speed, acceleration and
velocity. Students will race their cars down the track, at specified
markers; the time will be recorded and graphed to determine the
cars acceleration, speed and velocity. The fastest cars from each
class will race to determine the “King of the strip!”
Procedure:
Each student will determine the mass of his/her car by
weighing the car using the triple beam balance. Record the
mass on data sheet.
The student will place his/her car at the top of the track, and
released.
The student whose car is racing will clock the time of his/her
car from the start of the race to the finish.
Two other times will be recorded on the track to aid in
calculating the car’s acceleration over time.
The student will record all data in data section of lab.
Students will calculate their car’s;
Speed (speed=distance/time),
Acceleration, (A=final velocity-initial velocity/time)
Momentum, (Momentum=massXvelocity)
Students will graph their results showing their cars acceleration over time.
RaCe Day DaTa…
Insert all data in the corresponding blocks
Trial# #1time #2time #3time Mass
Trial# Speed Acceleration Momentum
Graph your hot rod’s performance…
On graph paper, plot your cars acceleration based on the
demo graph that was done in class. Plot all three trials on
the same graph (use different color ink).
Good Luck Racers!!!!!!
The Elegant Universe
Complete the questions that discuss the four forces on this page.
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Running RAMP-id
Determining the speed of a ball on different ramp styles.
We have been discussing motion and how to measure motion based
on speed and velocity. Motion can be described as a change in the position
of an object over time. To measure this change we use the speed equation;
S= d/t . In this mini-lab you will determine the speed of a steel marble as it
moves down an incline. After gathering the data, distance of incline & time
it took the marble to complete its path, you will then calculate the speed of
the marble and determine if there is a difference in the slope of the incline
relative to the average speed of the marble.
PROCEDURE:
Measure the distance of each ramp length to determine the distance
the marble will have to travel. Place information in data table.
Place the marble at the top of one ramp. Hold marble until the timer
is ready. Release the marble when the timer say go. Timer is to start
the clock when the ball is released, and stop the clack when the ball
hits the end of the ramp.
Place the time the marble took to reach the bottom in the data table.
Do this three times for each ramp.
Calculate the speed for each trial on each ramp. Place the
calculations in the table.
Questions to ponder.
1. Which ramp did you predict prior to the experiment would yield the
fastest speed?
2. Which ramp if any had the fastest speed? Why do you think this
occurred?
Ramp Distance Time Speed
color
Blue
Blue
Blue
Green
Green
Green
Red
Red
Red
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Can I be in the Olympics?
Calculating the speed of a runner.
Some of the greatest athletes in the world are sprinters, and one of
the fastest events is the 100m dash. We know that the athletes that
run this event are fast but exactly how fast in terms of speed are
they? In this experiment we will be determining how fast students
are by having their 100m dash times recorded and their speed
compared to a former world record holder. Good luck!!!
Procedure:
Measure out a distance of 100m on a track or field and mark
off using cones.
Students are to line up at the starting line and wait till they
are signaled to go.
The students time will be recorded by all students and the
speed of that student will be determined by using the speed
equation S=d/t
Students will then compare their speed with other students in
the class and compare the speed they got to the world class
sprinter.
Student Distance Time Speed
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
100m
Calculations of Motion
Solve the following problems. Show all of your work. Remember to
include correct units.
1. A jogger runs the first 1000m of a race in 250sec. What is the
jogger’s speed?
2. A space shuttle travels in orbit at 21,000 km/hr. How far will it travel
after 5 hrs?
Problems 3 & 4 refers to the table below, which summarizes Jack’s
ride on his new skateboard.
TIME (sec) DISTANCE (m)
0 0
1
5 30
10 70
15 90
20 120
3.What was Jack’s speed from T=5 sec to T = 10 sec?
4.What was Jack’s average speed for the entire ride?
5. A car accelerates from 0 to 72 km/hr in 8 sec. What was the car’s
acceleration?
7. A science student drops a rock down a mineshaft. It takes 3 sec for
the rock to hit the bottom of the shaft. What was the speed of the rock
just before impact?
8. A space ship is traveling at 20,000 m/sec. At T=5 sec the rocket thrusters
are turned on. At T= 55 sec, the space ship reaches a speed of 24,000
km/sec. What was the ship’s acceleration?
Super Car Comparison
In this graphing lab you will compare the performance of three of the
world’s fastest super cars; the Ferrari Enzo, the Saleen S7 and the
Lamborghini Murielago, to determine which vehicle has the fastest
acceleration from 0-60 to 0-130 mph/sec. You will also graph the
acceleration of each of these vehicles on a graph to compare the results and
determine which is the fastest supercar. You will be using the acceleration
equation A= final velocity – original velocity/time.
Ferrari Enzo
Acceleration mph Seconds sec
0 – 30 1.5
40 2.0
50 2.7
60 3.3
70 3.8
80 5.0
90 5.8
100 6.6
110 8.0
120 9.2
130 10.3
Saleen S7
Acceleration Seconds
0-30 1.6
0-31 2.1
50 2.6
60 3.3
70 4.4
80 5.1
90 6.1
100 7.6
110 8.8
120 10.2
130 12.4
Lambrorghini Murcielago
Acceleration Seconds
0-30 1.7
40 2.4
50 3.0
60 3.8
70 5.6
80 6.3
90 8.2
100 9.5
110 11.0
120 13.7
130 15.9
***Calculate the acceleration of each vehicle and graph distance vs
time.
Running RAMP-id Part 2
Determining the momentum of a ball on different ramp styles.
We have been discussing motion and how to measure motion based
on speed and velocity. Motion can be described as a change in the position
of an object over time. We have now also learned about momentum. To
measure momentum we use the equation; p = mass X velocity. In this mini-
lab you will determine the momentum of a steel marble as it moves down an
incline. After gathering the data, distance of incline & time it took the
marble to complete its path, you will then calculate the velocity of the
marble and determine if there is a difference in the slope of the incline
relative to the average momentum of the marble.
PROCEDURE:
Measure the distance of each ramp length to determine the distance
the marble will have to travel. Place information in data table.
Determine the mass of the marble by weighing the marble on a triple
beam balance.
Place the marble at the top of one ramp. Hold marble until the timer
is ready. Release the marble when the timer say go. Timer is to start
the clock when the ball is released, and stop the clack when the ball
hits the end of the ramp.
Place the time the marble took to reach the bottom in the data table.
Do this three times for each ramp.
Calculate the speed for each trial on each ramp. Place the
calculations in the table.
Then calculate the momentum of the marble for each ramp.
Questions to ponder.
3. Which ramp did you predict prior to the experiment would yield the
greatest momentum?
4. Which ramp if any had the greatest momentum? Why do you think
this occurred?
Ramp Mass Distance Time Speed Momentum
color of
marble
Blue
Blue
Blue
Green
Green
Green
Red
Red
Red
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Qualify for Race Day
Students will have to answer the following questions correctly in
order to qualify for Race Day.
1. What is the difference between Speed And Velocity?
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2. A car travels a distance of 250 meters in 5 seconds. What was
the car’s speed?
3. If a car has a constant speed of 10 m/s what would the graph
of the car’s speed look like?
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4. If a Miata had a mass of 1500 kg and was moving at 25 m/s
hit a truck that had a mass of 3000 kg and was moving at 5
m/s, which vehicle had more momentum? Why?
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