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Policies to promote energy conservation
Font: big middle smallDescription: a tax incentive policy, purpose
and significance of energy conservation are areas of market failure, to
overcome many obstacles, to be led by the Government to give appropriate
economic incentives. Industrial sector energy, in all aspects of product
life cycle, and all of the energy-saving agents (government, business,
consumers, banks, etc) are barriers.A tax incentive policy, the purpose
and significanceEnergy is a market failure in the field, to overcome many
obstacles, to be led by the Government to give appropriate economic
incentives. Industrial sector energy, in all aspects of product life
cycle, and all energy actors (governments, businesses, consumers, banks,
etc.) barriers. The purpose of tax incentives is to overcome these
obstacles.(1) businesses often unwilling or unable to high input, high-
risk research projects of energy saving investment. Therefore, public
finances must be invested in this area.(2) energy saving industrial
enterprises in many cases is highly fragmented secondary investment
activities. Existing capital investment in favor of market mechanisms to
energy development. States are so. And the uncertainty of energy prices,
increased energy efficiency investment risk enterprise. Therefore, there
must be an appropriate fiscal policy incentives. Such as tax relief,
preferential loans and guarantees.(3) Many enterprises, especially SMEs,
energy costs account for the small proportion of product cost, or higher
energy costs to recover through price increases. This makes the lack of
energy-efficient enterprise initiative, the need for effective
incentives.(4) The new energy-saving products to market early, small
volume, high price. Through tax incentives, user subsidies, government
procurement and other measures to promote its marketing.(5) low-income
families can not invest in energy conservation. Need to provide
subsidies.(6) Energy efficiency is often not the end consumers in energy-
consuming equipment and appliances the primary factor to consider. Need
to take consumer subsidies and other incentives.(7) business and consumer
access to reliable information, high transaction costs. Government to
provide information services.(8) industrial products successfully entered
the international market, trade barriers, to adopt the international
standards. Formulate, implement energy efficiency standards to give
financial support and economic incentives.(9) business damage to the
environment and other external costs should be internalized. The
imposition of energy taxes and environmental taxes to reduce energy
consumption and carbon dioxide emissions and damage to public
health.Category 2 tax incentives and functionsFiscal policies to promote
energy conservation, according to their function can be divided into two
categories: First, reduce the energy cost of the investment policy to
promote energy conservation, and second, to increase the cost of energy
saving investment incentive policies.2.1 reduce the energy investment tax
policiesFinancial provision has been included in 28 countries to energy-
saving public budget. Financial provision for: the national energy
technology research and development and demonstration projects, business
loan interest subsidy and guarantee energy conservation, energy subsidies
to low-income families, energy policy and regulations development,
enterprise energy audit, energy efficiency standards for identity
development and implementation, energy information services, energy-
saving publicity education, government agencies and energy saving.Tax
relief on the compliance requirements of energy-saving technologies and
equipment, income tax relief, 23 countries have implemented; specific
energy-saving equipment, accelerated depreciation; on the intended target
of the enterprise or industry energy-saving tax breaks.Loan offers low-
interest loans for energy conservation projects or subsidized loans, have
been implemented in 21 countries; on energy project loan guarantees.2.2
increase in the cost of energy use and taxation policySpecific fuel and
electricity and different user energy tax and environmental taxes,
increase energy costs for energy-saving investment, a tax reduction of
energy consumption, reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and atmospheric
pollutants. Europe, 12 countries have environmental taxes, usually carbon
tax (carbon tax), the United Kingdom called the climate change levy,
Germany called eco-tax. Energy taxes and environmental tax is a neutral
tax, that is, the collection of such taxes while reducing income tax, to
reduce the negative impact on business.Management of energy taxes and
environmental taxes and high cost may be low-income and the
competitiveness of certain industries adversely affected, there are still
controversial.3, the implementation of tax incentives3.1 combined with
the new mechanism of energy conservationFiscal policies to promote
energy-efficient implementation of the new mechanism is usually combined
with energy conservation. Energy tax incentives is a new mechanism for
the implementation of the necessary conditions and components. The new
energy-saving mechanisms include: power demand side management, energy
service companies, energy conservation voluntary agreements, industrial
energy efficiency network, energy efficiency standards and labeling,
government procurement.Community Fund Community Fund is not fully rely on
market competition in the areas of public services, safeguard public
interests of a fund is a new energy-saving incentives. Public funds used
to finance energy efficiency and renewable energy technology research and
development, energy projects and low-income families. Funds are usually
raised by a surcharge on electricity. In the United States, 25 states
have set up welfare funds, the average electricity surcharge 1.1mills/kWh
(1mill = 0.001 U.S. dollars). Public funds by the state government or
non-profit Organization manages.Energy saving funds is usually the
government fund the establishment of a revolving fund, is a long-term,
stable funding channels for energy conservation. The Thai government
established the Energy Conservation Fund of 1992, now has reached 50
billion, is one of the world's largest Energy Fund. Funds mainly from oil
revenue, the current annual funding 60 million ~ 80 million U.S. dollars.
The Fund for the Thai Government's demand-side management programs.
Energy Fund, energy conservation and alternative energy development by
the Department of Management.Energy Innovation Fund Innovation Fund
shares through investment in energy services, energy companies, using
guarantee funds, revolving funds and venture funds to provide energy
conservation loans and loan guarantees. 29 countries have set up energy-
saving innovation fund.3.3 The management of tax incentive policies and
measuresEnergy tax incentives related to energy conservation by
government agencies and organizations to manage according to the law.In
Japan, business investment tax relief for energy-saving equipment by the
Office of Resources and Energy, METI will enjoy tax incentives proposed
by the target device list, first energy-saving equipment manufacturers
prepared to prove that the equipment meets the conditions of the
certificate of tax incentives to submit trade associations; Industry
Association review submitted to Energy Conservation Center, Energy
Conservation Center summary report after the Energy Resources Department
for approval; If in doubt, Resources and Energy Agency and the relevant
department or bureau and the Ministry of Economy Ministry of Internal
Affairs, Ministry of Health, Labor, Land Transport, Environment Ministry
and other departments in consultation; approval back to trade
associations, and then send the user; users tax authorities with a
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