ENERGY
Resources!
Natural Gas
History
Natural gas is believed to be discovered and
used first in China perhaps as early as 1000 B.C
In 200 B.C natural gas was used to make salt in
China
In 1816, gas was used to light street lamps in
Baltimore, Maryland.
In 1821 it was used for lighting in Fredonia New
York.
Natural Gas
Description Methane Gas Molecule
Natural gas was formed around
100 million years ago.
We find natural gas in types of
rocks under the ground.
Geologists study and locate
where natural gas is.
Natural gas is colorless, odorless,
tasteless and mostly methane
gas. http://www.energy.gov.
ab.ca/NaturalGas/graph
Natural gas is Non-renewable.
ics/NGC_Molecule.jpg
Natural Gas
Location and recovery
Gas is found in rocks underground called reservoirs.
Gas is produced by drilling wells into the reservoirs
Located anywhere that there has been deposited
sedimentary rocks. http://www.naturalgasba
Drilling sites are offshore and on land. nk.com/images/natural_
Natural Gas is located in these areas: gas_production.gif
Natural Gas
Pros and Cons
Pros Cons
Used for: heating, It can be very expensive.
cooking, hot water, It can leak and cause
clothes dryer, backup
generators and so forth. explosions.
Can be supplied by Difficult to store and
underground pipes. transport in smaller
Has clean burning and volumes.
is easy to distribute.
http://www.en
Contributes minimally to ergysave.energ
yaustralia.com.
the greenhouse effect au/__data/ass
ets/image/001
by giving off C02 which 8/3780/Natural
Gas255.jpg
adds to global warming.
Natural Gas
Environment
It is a clean burning
fuel.
Produces much less
C02 than burning oil or
coal.
Contributes to only
19% of C02 emissions
in air.
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Percent contributions of different fossil fuels to 2006
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CO2 emissions (left side) and contributions to the
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Natural gas
Stored and released
Stored in underground gas
reservoirs, pipeline and
storage systems.
Released by burning in
turbines to make electricity.
Burnt directly for cooking,
heating etc.
http://www.met
aefficient.com/i
mages/natural_g
as_heater_cbn2
0t_141_150.jpg
Natural Gas http://www.need.org
/needpdf/Intermedia
Interesting Facts te%20Energy%20Inf
obook.pdf
Natural gas lighter than
air.
When cooled 260 degrees
below zero it changes
from a gas to a liquid.
More than half of the U.S
homes use natural gas.
Rotten egg smell is added
to natural gas so when it
spills you can smell it.
Use of natural gas:
Natural gas
Interesting Facts
http://www.need.org/needpd
f/Intermediate%20Energy%2
0Infobook.pdf
Oil
Production The world's top five crude oil-
producing countries are:
Over one-fourth of the •Saudi Arabia
crude oil produced in the •Russia
United States is produced •United States
offshore in the Gulf of
Mexico. The top crude oil- •Iran
producing states are: •China
http://www.eia.doe.gov
/kids/energyfacts/source
s/non-
Texas
renewable/oil.html
Alaska
California
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Oil
History
Paleo-Indians found
oil and used it before
1400 A.D.
In 1857 Edwin Drake
was sent to Titusville,
Pennsylvania to
attempted the first oil
well but he failed.
In 1859 Edwin drake
tried again and
discovered oozing oil. Edwin Drakes Well!
http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-
media/84/19384-004-01CF4CFE.jpg
Oil
Description
Oil is a fossil fuel.
Is a non renewable.
Formed from buried
sedimentary rocks
and decayed plants
and animals.
Found in oil
reservoirs.
http://www.need.org/ne
edpdf/Intermediate%20E
nergy%20Infobook.pdf
OilRecovery
Location and
Oil is located
anywhere
sedimentary rocks
have been deposited.
Recovered by drilling
wells into
underground oil
reservoirs.
http://www.eia.doe
.gov/kids/energyfac
ts/sources/non-
renewable/oil.html
Oil
Stored and Released
Can be stored in large
tanks, known as tank
farms.
Stored and
transported in large
tanker ships.
Converted into
products by refining.
Released by burning
in engines.
Oil (Products from Oil)
Pro’s and Con’s
Pro Con’s
Fuel of industry and Spillage can damage
transport. the environment.
Drilling for oil can
Make plastics and
other products. disturb wildlife
habitats.
Is useful fuel to
Contributes to global
power cars and other
transport vehicles. warming.
Is running out and
Easily stored and
handled getting more
expensive
Oil
Environment
In the last 15-20
years oil products
have improved to so
they pollute the
Environment less.
Second most polluting
fossil fuel behind coal.
Large spillage can
cause environmental
disasters
http://www.st
ephencresswel
l.com/s/BAL-
22.JPG
Oil
Interesting Facts
The U.S consumes a
quarter of the worlds oil.
Most is used for
transportation.
Almost 50% is used for
car gasoline.
Used for around 5000
years.
Saudi Arabia is the
largest oil producing
country.
http://www.need.org/
needpdf/Intermediate
%20Energy%20Infob
ook.pdf
Oil
Interesting Facts- Strategic Petroleum Reserve
The United States has
a strategic petroleum
reserve.
Stores 727 million
barrels in
underground storage
caverns.
Emergency supply
that started in 1975
after the middle east
oil embargo.
A large portion of this
reserve is stored http://eyeball-
underground very series.org/spr/s
close to Houston. prsites.gif
Interesting Facts
Distribution of Oil
Oil Reserves, 683.5
in Billions of Barrels
95.2
74.9
59.0
54.7
44.0
17.2
North Central Western Africa Middle Eastern Far East
America And Europe East Europe And
South and Oceania
America ex USSR
Source: Fortune,
2006
Solar
History
Ancient Greek homes were
built to face the sun in the
winter time.
In 1861, Auguste Mouchout
invented a steam engine
powered fully by the sun.
In 1953 Gerald Pearson, Daryl
Chaplin and Calvin Fuller
invented the first silicon solar
cell.
Around the 50s and 60s
satellites began using solar
panels for electricity.
In 2002 Japan installed 25,000
http://www.pe.com/imagesdail
solar rooftops. y/2008/04-
26/hg_0426_homeshow_solar_
panels_400.jpg
Solar
Description
Comes from the sun.
A renewable resource.
Amount of energy
depends on time of
day, time of year, the
weather and distance
from equator.
http://www.brighamand
womens.org/publicaffairs
/Images/Sunlight.jpg
Solar
Location and Recovery
Radiant heat from the sun from a process called
nuclear fusion.
Captured in solar collectors.
Collected energy used for space heating, water
heating etc.
Converted to electricity in photovoltaic cells.
Solar
Stored and Released
Stored in the sun by a
process of nuclear
fusion.
The sun radiates heat
and light to earth.
https://www.mr
solar.com/style-
img/solar-
panel-
diagram.png
Pro’s
Solar
Pro’s and Con’s Con’s
Heats water for houses, Sunlight depends on
buildings and swimming location, time of day,
pools. time of year and
Heats spaces in weather.
greenhouses , houses Expensive way of
and other buildings. generating electricity.
Free, unlimited supply.
Can power many
appliances such as
calculators etc.
http://www.sz-
wholesale.com/
uploadFiles/upi
mg5/Solar-Card-
Calculator-
10015.JPG
Solar
Environment
It’s free.
No pollution for water or air.
Making photovoltaic cells to make sunlight to
electricity consumes silicon and makes waste
products.
Big solar thermal farms can damage desert
ecosystems if not properly used.
Interesting Facts
Solar
You can cook food
with solar energy.
30% of solar energy
usage is to heat
water.
Sun’s energy only
takes 8 minutes to
travel the distance of
93 million miles to
earth.
http://www.maha
urja.com/IMAGES/
scok3.jpg
Biomass
History
Burning wood been the largest energy
provider since antiquity.
It was still the largest energy use in the
U.S until the mid 1800’s.
Modern use of Biomass materials: include
waste products and renewable materials
grown for energy.
Biomass
Interesting Facts
About 50% of renewable energy comes
from biomass products.
Iowa and Wisconsin, Biomass energy from
landfills and dairy farms is being used to
make electricity.
In Iowa, a power plant is using a crop
called switchgrass to make electricity.
Biomass
Description
Biomass is dead organic matter.
Wood is the largest biomass source.
Other sources are animal waste, crops,
garbage.
Biomass is a renewable energy source. ( as we
can grow more in a short period.)
Biomass
Location and Recovery
Areas were crops grow fast.
By products from waste dumps.
Waste products from food processing.
(corn cobs, fruit pits)
Trees grown to for burning wood.
The above are collected and processed for
use by consumers.
Biomass
Stored and Released
Biomass gets its energy from the sun.
Plants absorb sunlight by photosynthesis and
convert into carbohydrates.
The 4 main ways to release energy stored in
biomass are:
Burning wood, manure, etc.
Bacterial decay, which gives off methane gas
Fermentation, to produce ethanol
Conversion, into liquid fuel
Biomass
Pro’s and Con’s
Pro’s Con’s
Renewable. Competes with
Can recycle waste resources for food
products. production.
Can be converted into Not conveniently
liquid fuels. stored and released in
small volumes.
Polluting.
Biomass
Environment
Biomass products
burning pollutes the
air.
Biomass do not
produce pollutants
like sulfur, which
cause acid rain.
Growing plants for
biomass may reduce
greenhouse gases. http://water.me.vccs.edu/
concepts/oxcycle.jpg
Wind
History
Wind power has been
used since ancient
times.
Windmills have been
used for grinding
grains, pumping
water and sawing
wood.
Sailing ships harness
the power of the
wind. http://media-
cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-
s/00/17/d1/4e/old-windmill.jpg
Wind
Description
Wind is the air in motion.
Wind is a renewable resource and does
not pollute the air.
Modern wind turbines like windmills
capture the energy of the wind to
generate electricity.
Wind
Location and Recovery
A good location for http://www.need.org/needpd
f/Intermediate%20Energy%2
wind turbines is where 0Infobook.pdf
land and the sea meet.
Another is in plains and
hills were wind blows
strongly and steadily.
Wind turbine capture
the wind to generate
electricity.
Wind
Stored and Released
Wind farms capture
the power of wind
with wind turbines to
generate electricity.
Wind farms are a
collection of many
wind turbines
together.
Wind
Pro’s and Con’s
Pro’s Con’s
Renewable. Noisy.
Zero pollution. Unsightly.
Free. Cant be in urban
areas.
Wind
Environment
Non polluting.
Renewable.
Flying animals may be
at risk at wind farms.
http://www.freefoto.co
m/images/39/01/39_0
1_1---Wind-Turbine-
Generators--Palm-
Springs--
California_web.jpg
Wind
Interesting Facts
Holland became
famous because of
their windmills having
blades instead of
paddle wheels.
The Pickens plan is a
plan that involves not
using imported oil
that costs a lot of
money, and replacing
it with wind power.
http://www.cityo
fholland.com/cih
ollandmius/imag
es/windmill.jpg
Projected world demand for energy
Around the year 2060, we will be using three
times the energy we use today.
A lot of this energy will have to come from
renewable resources.
(Source: Shell)
Energy is the top Problem
for next 50 years
1. ENERGY
2. WATER
3. FOOD
4. ENVIRONMENT
5. POVERTY
6. TERRORISM & WAR
7. DISEASE
8. EDUCATION
9. DEMOCRACY
10. POPULATION
2003 6.3 Billion People
Richard Smalley, 2003 Rice University Humanity’s top ten 2050 8-10 Billion People
problems.
Sources
http://www.need.org/needpdf/Intermediate%20
Energy%20Infobook.pdf
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/index.
html
http://www.powerhousekids.com/stellent2/grou
ps/public/documents/pub/phk_001537.hcsp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki